Human (Male) Skeleton
Cranial bones:
frontal bones
parietal bones
temporal bones
occipital bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
Facial bones:
mandible
maxilla
palatine bone
zygomatic bone
nasal bone
lacrimal bone
vomer bone
inferior nasal conchae
In the middle ears:
malleus
incus
stapes
In the throat:
hyoid bone
In the shoulder girdle:
scapula or shoulder blade
clavicle or collarbone
In the thorax:
sternum
ribs
In the vertebral column:
cervical vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
In the arms:
humerus
radius
ulna
In the hands:
Wrist (carpal) bones:
scaphoid bone
lunate bone
triquetral bone
pisiform bone
trapezium
trapezoid bone
capitate bone
hamate bone
Palm or metacarpal bones:
metacarpal bones
Finger bones or phalanges:
proximal phalanges
intermediate phalanges
distal phalanges
In the pelvis:
coccyx
sacrum
ossa coxae
In the legs:
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
In the feet:
Ankle (tarsal) bones:
calcaneus (heel bone)
talus
navicular bone
medial cuneiform bone
intermediate cuneiform bone
lateral cuneiform bone
cuboid bone
Instep bones:
metatarsal bone
Toe bones:
proximal phalanges
intermediate phalanges
distal phalanges
frontal bones
parietal bones
temporal bones
occipital bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
Facial bones:
mandible
maxilla
palatine bone
zygomatic bone
nasal bone
lacrimal bone
vomer bone
inferior nasal conchae
In the middle ears:
malleus
incus
stapes
In the throat:
hyoid bone
In the shoulder girdle:
scapula or shoulder blade
clavicle or collarbone
In the thorax:
sternum
ribs
In the vertebral column:
cervical vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae
lumbar vertebrae
In the arms:
humerus
radius
ulna
In the hands:
Wrist (carpal) bones:
scaphoid bone
lunate bone
triquetral bone
pisiform bone
trapezium
trapezoid bone
capitate bone
hamate bone
Palm or metacarpal bones:
metacarpal bones
Finger bones or phalanges:
proximal phalanges
intermediate phalanges
distal phalanges
In the pelvis:
coccyx
sacrum
ossa coxae
In the legs:
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
In the feet:
Ankle (tarsal) bones:
calcaneus (heel bone)
talus
navicular bone
medial cuneiform bone
intermediate cuneiform bone
lateral cuneiform bone
cuboid bone
Instep bones:
metatarsal bone
Toe bones:
proximal phalanges
intermediate phalanges
distal phalanges
A human's endoskeleton protects its major organs and provides the framework for scaffolding.
A human's skeleton provides 6 main functions, support, movement, protection, blood cell production, storage and endocrine regulation.
1. Support- The skeleton provides support for the body and helps it to maintain its shape.
2. Movement- The joints between bones permit movement, some allowing a wider range of movement than others.
3. Protection- The skeleton protects many vital organs, the skull protects the brain, the eyes, and the middle and inner ears, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord, the rib cage, spine, and sternum protect the human lungs, human heart and major blood vessels, the clavicle and scapula protect the shoulder, the ilium and spine protect the digestive and urogenital systems and the hip, the patella and the ulna protect the knee and the elbow, the carpals and tarsals protect the wrist and ankle.
4. Blood cell production- The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the development of blood cells that takes place in the bone marrow.
5. Storage- Bone matrix can store calcium and is involved in calcium metabolism, and bone marrow can store iron in ferrotin and is involved in iron metabolism.
6. Endocrine regulation- Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which contributes to the regulation of blood sugar and fat deposition.
A human's skeleton provides 6 main functions, support, movement, protection, blood cell production, storage and endocrine regulation.
1. Support- The skeleton provides support for the body and helps it to maintain its shape.
2. Movement- The joints between bones permit movement, some allowing a wider range of movement than others.
3. Protection- The skeleton protects many vital organs, the skull protects the brain, the eyes, and the middle and inner ears, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord, the rib cage, spine, and sternum protect the human lungs, human heart and major blood vessels, the clavicle and scapula protect the shoulder, the ilium and spine protect the digestive and urogenital systems and the hip, the patella and the ulna protect the knee and the elbow, the carpals and tarsals protect the wrist and ankle.
4. Blood cell production- The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the development of blood cells that takes place in the bone marrow.
5. Storage- Bone matrix can store calcium and is involved in calcium metabolism, and bone marrow can store iron in ferrotin and is involved in iron metabolism.
6. Endocrine regulation- Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which contributes to the regulation of blood sugar and fat deposition.
Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebrae, the rib cage, and the skull. The upright position of humans is supported by the axial skeleton, which helps transmit the weight from the head. There are about 80 bones in the axial skeleton.
Appendicular Skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is formed by the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs. Their functions are to make movement possible and to protect the major organs. There is about 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton.